ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื’ืจืกื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช

4 ๐Ÿงฌ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื

ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช "ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื" ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจ: ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฆื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื›ืขื ืื—ื“, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, "ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื" ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ โ€” ืืœื ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฆื•ืจื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืขื•ืœื, ืงื•ืกืžื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœืชืช ืฉื ืœืชื•ืคืขื”.

ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื: ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืกื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืืœื™ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืกืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ึพืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืงืกื ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ.

ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืชื ืขืžื•ืง. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช - ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืืš ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช: ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ื”.

ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื–ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื:ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ โ€” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื“ื•ื‘, ื”ืžื’ืœื ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช;ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจ โ€” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื•ืขื–, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืชืื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืคืจืื™;ื”ื ื•ื‘ื” โ€” ื”ื›ืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืคื™ืœ, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืงื˜ื”, ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”;ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ โ€” ืื“ื ื•ืงืจื ืฃ, ื›ื•ื— ืคืจืื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื•ืช;ื”ื ื•ืžื” โ€” ื”ื›ืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืืจื™ื”, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช;ืื™ืฉ ื”ืœื˜ืื” โ€” ืื“ื ื•ืœื˜ืื”, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืจ ืจื•ื—, ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื;ื”ืงื ื˜ืื•ืจ โ€” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ืกื•ืก, ื”ืžืื—ื“ ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืช;

ื”ืกื™ืจื ื”- ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื“ื’.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื•. ื›ืœ ื’ื–ืข ืคื™ืชื— ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.

4.1 ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘

ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืื”ื• ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืœื ื•ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ โ€” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื“ื•ืžื”. ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœื›ึพ2.5 ืžื˜ืจ ืืฆืœ ื–ื›ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื’ื•ืคื• ืจื—ื‘, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื•ื›ื‘ื“. ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ืึพืžื–ืจื— ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืฉืกื™ื. ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ืžืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื ื›ื” ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• โ€” ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ื, ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืคืข.

ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•. ืœื”ืคืš โ€” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•. ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื ื•ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืจื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ืขื“ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืืš ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช: ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื”. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื ืจืชืขื™ื ืžืžื ื”. ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืงืฆืจ, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืชื•ื— โ€” ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื.

ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขืฃ, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื™ืฉื”. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืข ืื• ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืกื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืงืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืžื”.

ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื‘ืจืกืง" โ€” ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืคืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”, ืื™ื•ื ืื• ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื: ืจืขืฉ ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืชืžืฉืš, ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ืช, ืขื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•, ืื•ืจ ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื“ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื”ืžืขืจืขืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจืกืง, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื—ืฃ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื•ื ืข ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื™ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื ืคืกืง ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื•: ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื—ืกื”, ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœื™ื• ื•ืžืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•. ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช โ€” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืกืžื•ืš, ืžื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื. ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ: ืžืคื’ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ, ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืื’ื“ ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืคื’ืฉ ื–ื”, ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’. ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช โ€” 20 ืฉื ื” โ€” ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•, ื•ื’ื ื–ืืช ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื’ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื โ€” ื’ื•ืจืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“ ืœืขื“.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ืื›ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ, ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ืชืœื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœื“ื•ืช โ€” ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”. ื—ืœืง ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื”: ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืขื™ื›ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืกืคืจื ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—.

4.1.1 ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ โ€” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืžื›ื ื™

ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื

ืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸ
65 ื’ืœื•ืคื™ืืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช45ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ
2.20โ€“2.70 ืžืณื’ื•ื‘ื”160โ€“260 ืงืดื’ืžืฉืงืœ
80โ€“110 ืฉื ื”ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ืืจื™ื— ื•ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 5ื—ื•ืฉื™ื
ื™ืขืจ ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืชืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชืœื•ื—ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืœื•ื—ื, ื”ืจืคืชืงืŸืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื

ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”
1D1015+ืื•ืžืฅ1D85+ื—ื›ืžื”1D60ืชื‘ื•ื ื”
1D1215+ื›ื•ื—1D1015+ื›ื•ืฉืจโ€”10+ืจืฆื•ืŸ
1D420-ืงืกื ืื™ืฉื™โ€”10-ื›ื•ื— ืงืกื1D610-ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช
1D420-ืคื™ืงื•ื“1D1015+ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜1D1225+ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช
1D85+ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช1D40ื™ื•ืคื™1D610-ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—

ื›ื•ื—ึพืงืกื ื•ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื ืชื•ืŸืคื™ืชื•ื—ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื ืชื•ืŸ
1D1045ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ1D310-ื›ื•ื—ึพืงืกื

4.1.2 ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ โ€” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฉืง ื•ืงืจื‘

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D675-ื—ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื1D1075+ืงื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื1D80ื”ื˜ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื
1D1075+ืงืฉืชื•ืช1D1025+ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืงืฉืช1D4150-ืงืกืžื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”
1D1025+ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื1D1075+ืงื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื1D12100+ื”ื˜ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
1D825-ืจื•ื’ื˜ืงื•ืช / ืงืœืขื™ื1D1075+ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื3D8150+ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
2D1050+ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“3D8100+ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“1D1050+ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื
1D1025+ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื2D100ืžื’ืŸ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”1D1075+ื ืฉืงื™ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื
1D675-ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื2D10100+ื˜ืคืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื”

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—, ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื•ืื”

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
2D8175+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืฆื™ื1D12100+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืื‘ืŸ1D1025+ื ื™ืชื•ืจ
3D8100+ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืžืชื›ื•ืช3D8300+ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืœืชื•ืช1D1075+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื—ื‘ืœ
1D12125+ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช1D6125-ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”1D3300-ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื
2D8125+ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืืจื‘ื™ื1D80ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช2D8150+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ
1D675-ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™1D80ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื”ืจืจื™ืช1D80ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืฆืชื™
1D80ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช1D675-ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื•ืฉืœื’1D6100-ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ืงืจื—
1D3300-ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกืชืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช1D12125+ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”1D825-ืฉื™ื˜
1D80ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”1D825-ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ3D8300+ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D1075+ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื1D1025+ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”3D8200+ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืงื•ื‘
1D1025+ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช1D80ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช1D80ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื
1D3200-ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช1D1025+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื2D10250+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื”
1D1025+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ1D675-ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœึพืžืชื™ื1D4150-ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงืกื ื•ืฉื“ื™ื
1D1050+ื”ื›ืจืช ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืกืžื™ื1D825-ืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช1D3225-ื”ื›ืจืช ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื
1D80ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžื•ื ื•ืช1D4150-ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื›ื”

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D675-ืคื™ืชื•ื™1D4150-ืฉื›ื ื•ืข1D3300-ื”ืชื—ืคืฉื•ืช
3D8200+ื”ืคื—ื“ื”1D4150-ืžื™ืงื•ื—1D6100-ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
1D4150-ื”ื•ื ืื” ื•ืฉืงืจ1D6100-ื ื’ื™ื ื”1D675-ืฉื™ืจื”
1D1025+ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื•ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ1D825-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื1D825-ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื™ื
1D825-ื”ื—ื‘ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื1D80ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื™ื

4.1.3 ๐Ÿป ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืชื ืื™ ืœื—ืฅ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื โ€” ืจืขืฉ ืขืฆื•ื, ืื•ืจ ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจ, ื”ืžื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœืช ืื• ื›ืื•ืก ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• โ€” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ื”ืงื“ื•ื. ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื‘ ืงื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžื“ืจื›ื•.

ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ20+, ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ20+, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืคื—ื“. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืœื ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช, ื›ืื‘ ืื• ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื’ืขื™ืช, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืคื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื•: ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 25% ืฉื™ืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืชืงื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื— ืชืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ืžืกืชื™ื™ื, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืชืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”.

4.1.4 ๐Ÿป ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ โ€“ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 3 ื”ื•ืคืš ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื”. ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžืคื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื, ืื™ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ื™ื ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ื•.

ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืžื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื ืคื™ื, ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืขืœื™ื, ืขื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืขืฅ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืฉ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ืขืฆื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืคืฉื•ืฃ, ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืชื” ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืžืชืื™ื.

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 6 ืœื•ืžื“ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœืจืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื•ืคื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืœ.

ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืจืฉืื™ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชืจื“ืžืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช 24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืžื•ืงืคืื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืจื“ืžืช ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ื•ืคื• ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ื ืžืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.

ื’ื ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”ื ืžื•ืงืคืื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื›ืœืœ. ืจืขืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื–ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ. ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืจื“ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืฆืจื•. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 10 ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืคืจืื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืžืฆื‘ ืงืจื‘ื™ ืงื“ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืจื•ืกืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืขื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืขืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.

ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ30+, ื•ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ30+. ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื“, ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ืงืกื•ื ืื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืจื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจืกืง ื ืžืฉืš; ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืคื• ืคืฆื•ืข ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื“ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื.

ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžืฉืชืคืจืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื•ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื— ืชืžื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœึพ10% ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจืกืง, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช.

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 15 ื—ื“ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืžืฉืชืœื‘ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฉ, ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจืื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžืงื•ื. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืืœื ืื ืชืงืฃ ืื•ืชื ืงื•ื“ื.

ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืœื™ืขืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 10 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจ, ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืื• ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžืœืื”, ืืœื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขืจ ื ืคื’ืข, ืžืื•ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื•ืœืœ.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื–ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ื. ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื‘ ืงื“ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ืžื“ืจื›ื•.

ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื›ื•ื—ื• ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ40+, ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ึพ40+, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ื”ื›ืจื”, ืืœื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื“ ืžื•ื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืชื•ื ื”ื–ืขื, ื•ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ื›ืคืœ. ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืกืง ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 5% ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืชืงื•ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื•ืจื— ืชืžื™ื.

ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื–ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ื, ืื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช.