ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื’ืจืกื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ยท ื”ืืœืคื™ื

3.3 ๐Ÿš€ ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื โ€“ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื

ืืœื• ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื, ืืœื ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื. ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืื• "ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ" ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื: ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกื•ืฃ.

ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื—ื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื”ื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ืจื—ื™ื, ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืงื•ืกืžื™ื•ืช, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืจืชื•ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื. ืžื˜ืจืชื ืื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ืืœื ื”ื‘ื ื” โ€” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•.

ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกืช ื–ื• ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืžืฆืŸ. ื’ื•ืคื ืžื•ืชืื ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ืื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืชืคืงื“ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืงื”". ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืืœืคื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืืกื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืœื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ืžืฉืงืœื• ื•ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื โ€” ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ, ืœื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช.

ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžืกืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืขื’ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื“ื•ื‘ืœื”". ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืœื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืจื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช โ€” ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืข. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœืคื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื“ ืชื•ืžื•: ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื, ืื—ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืคื™ื.

ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื•ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืื™ึพืžื“ืขื™: ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืžื‘ื ื” ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืฉืžืขืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช. ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜, ืœืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ื ืจื—ื‘, ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื”ื ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ึพ12,000 ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื™ ืกื•ืœืคื โ€” ืžื•ืœื“ืชื. ื”ืื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืกื’ื•ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื ืžืฆื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื: ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืžืชื—ื ืขืฆื•ื, ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื’ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืื” ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืœืงืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื•ื—ืงืจ, ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื, ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืžืกืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.

ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ ืืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช, ื•ื’ื ื–ืืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ โ€” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื“ืข, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืœื ืžื•ืงื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื. ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข โ€” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” โ€” ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช, ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื ื“ื”, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื•ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ืชืคื™ืกืชื ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจืฆื™. ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ื•ื–ื ื™ื— ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™. ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืžืื‘ืงื™ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื โ€” ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืœื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ื–ืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžืชืโ€” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงืกื•ืžื™ื โ€” ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื. ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืฆื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.

ืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ื ืžืœื™ื โ€” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืชื•ื–ืžืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ.

ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืืฆืœื. ื”ืฉืงืจ ื–ืจ ืœื”ื, ืœื ืจืง ื›ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืคืฉืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข โ€” ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืงืจ, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื• ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ืœืชืชื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื.

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืืœืฃ ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืกืคื™ื ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช โ€” ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืื—ื“. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ืจื™ื’.

ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื”: ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ื•ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื”. ื›ืœ ืืœืฃ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ โ€” "ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืงืจ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื". ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื— ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื”ื ืฉืœื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉ. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืชื ืื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืœืืชืจ ืกื›ื ื•ืช, ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื—ื™ืชื” ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืืžื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ื“ืข.

3.3.1 ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื โ€” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื’ื–ืข

ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก

ืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸืขืจืšื ืชื•ืŸ
26ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ 500โ€“650 ืฉื ื”ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื
ืืคื•ืจื•ืช ืงืคื•ืื•ืชืขื™ื ื™ื™ืื›ืกื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงืฉื™ืขืจ
1.80โ€“2.00 ืžื˜ืจื’ื•ื‘ื”60โ€“80 ืงืดื’ืžืฉืงืœ
ืืœืคืจื•ื‘ืก โ€” ืžืขื•ืœื”ืฉืคื” 2 ืฉืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ืฉืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
ืงืฆืช ื˜ื•ื‘, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืืืœืคื™ืืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช

ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช

ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”ืžืชืืืžืขืœื”
10+ืชื‘ื•ื ื”15+ื—ื›ืžื”5+ืื•ืžืฅ
5-ื›ื•ืฉืจ10+ื›ื•ื—10+ืจืฆื•ืŸ
10+ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช10-ื›ื•ื— ืงืกื15+ืงืกื ืื™ืฉื™
10+ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช0ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜0ืคื™ืงื•ื“
10-ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—5+ื™ื•ืคื™5+ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช

ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื โ€” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืขืœื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืขืœื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืขืœื”
1D6ืชื‘ื•ื ื”1D8ื—ื›ืžื”1D8ืื•ืžืฅ
1D10ื›ื•ืฉืจ1D4ื›ื•ื—โ€”ืจืฆื•ืŸ
1D8ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืชโ€”ื›ื•ื— ืงืกื1D10ืงืกื ืื™ืฉื™
1D8ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช1D6ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜1D6ืคื™ืงื•ื“
1D6ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื—1D6ื™ื•ืคื™1D4ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ึพืงืกื ื•ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื ืชื•ืŸืคื™ืชื•ื—ื ืชื•ืŸ
1D6ื›ื•ื—ึพืกื‘ืœ1D4ื›ื•ื—ึพืงืกื

3.3.2 ืžืชืืžื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— โ€” ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื

3.3.3 ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื โ€” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช

ื”ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืžืชืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื”ื™ื ืœึพืงื”ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœึพื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”.

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฉืง ื•ืงืจื‘

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D1050+ื—ื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื1D1050+ืงื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื1D1025+ื”ื˜ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื
2D10250+ืงืฉืชื•ืช1D12125+ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืงืฉืช1D650-ืงืกืžื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”
1D1050+ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื1D1050+ืงื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื1D1025+ื”ื˜ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
1D1025+ืจื•ื’ื˜ืงื•ืช / ืงืœืขื™ื1D1050+ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื1D1050+ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
1D1050+ื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“1D1050+ืงื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“1D1050+ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื
1D1025+ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื1D1025+ืžื’ืŸ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”1D1050+ื ืฉืงื™ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื
1D1050+ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—, ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื•ืื”

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D80ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืฆื™ื1D1025+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืื‘ืŸ1D80ื ื™ืชื•ืจ
1D1050+ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืžืชื›ื•ืช1D1050+ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืœืชื•ืช1D1025+ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื—ื‘ืœ
1D1025+ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช1D1025+ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”1D12125+ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื
1D12100+ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืืจื‘ื™ื1D12125+ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช1D1025+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ
1D1025+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™1D1025+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื”ืจืจื™ืช1D1025+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื™ืฆืชื™
1D1025+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช1D12125+ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžื•ืฉืœื’1D12125+ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ืงืจื—
1D675-ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืกืชืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช1D6125-ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”1D1025+ืฉื™ื˜
1D80ืจื›ื™ื‘ื”1D12125+ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ1D825+ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื
2D8175+ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ืžื™ืช

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D1050+ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื3D8300+ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”1D1025+ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืงื•ื‘
1D1025+ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช2D8200+ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช2D10250+ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื
2D8175+ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช1D1025+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื1D1025+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื”
2D10250+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ1D1075+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœึพืžืชื™ื1D12125+ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ืงืกื ื•ืฉื“ื™ื
1D1050+ื”ื›ืจืช ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืกืžื™ื1D1050+ืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช1D12125+ื”ื›ืจืช ื ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื
2D8200+ื”ื›ืจืช ืืžื•ื ื•ืช2D10225+ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืคื•ืช

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื›ื”

ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืžืชืืืชื›ื•ื ื”
1D1050+ืคื™ืชื•ื™1D12125+ืฉื›ื ื•ืข1D1050+ื”ืชื—ืคืฉื•ืช
1D1075+ื”ืคื—ื“ื”1D1050+ืžื™ืงื•ื—1D825+ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
1D80ื”ื•ื ืื” ื•ืฉืงืจ1D1050+ื ื’ื™ื ื”1D1050+ืฉื™ืจื”
2D10225+ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ื•ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ1D1075+ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื2D10225+ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื™ื
1D1050+ื”ื—ื‘ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื1D1025+ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืœื™ื

3.3.4 ๐ŸŒŒ ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 3 ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื‘ืœื™ื ืงื”." ืื‘ืŸ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืืœืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 1.15 G ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื›ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืŸ ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืืœืคื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืœืœ.

ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืžืขืชื” ืœืจื“ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ืœื ื™ื™ืžืขืš, ืื• ื™ืจื—ืฃ ืœื—ืœืœ, ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื—ื ื•ืžืœื— ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืืงื“ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ 6-8 ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืžืฆืื• ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื• ืื™ ืคืขื. ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื›ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื”ื“ืจืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช, ื•ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื”.

ื”ืืงื“ื— ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืขื 6+10D2 ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.

ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ื— ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ื•:

ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืชืคื’ื™ืขื”
9 ืž"ืž3D6+5
7.62 ืž"ืž2D10+5
0.22 ืื™ื ืฅ'1D6+4

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 6 ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื."

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื ืœืžืจื—ืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืฃ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืื” ื“ืจื›ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื–ืืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื”.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื–ื”. ืืœืฃ ืฉืฉืœื— ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ืจืง ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช 4 ื—ื•ืฉื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืœืืœืฃ ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกืข ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื ืžืชืืคืกื•ืช ืœื• ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 1 ืขืœ ื›ืœ 4 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ. ื”ื›"ื  ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ.

๐Ÿ‘๏ธ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื

ืขืœื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืชืฉื˜ื— ื—ื“ื™ืจื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”ื—ื•ืฉ
3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช20 ืกืดืž/ืจื‘ื•ืข800 ืงืดืž/ืฉืขื”ืจืื™ื”
2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช5 ืกืดืž/ืจื‘ื•ืข150 ืงืดืž/ืฉืขื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”
1 ื ืงื•ื“ื”2 ืžืดืž/ืจื‘ื•ืข10 ืงืดืž/ืฉืขื”ืจื™ื—
1 ื ืงื•ื“ื”50 ืกืดืž/ืจื‘ื•ืข40 ืงืดืž/ืฉืขื”ื˜ืขื
1 ื ืงื•ื“ื”100 ืกืดืž/ืจื‘ื•ืข100 ืžื˜ืจ/ืฉืขื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ

ื”ืืœืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืœ"ื˜ื™ื•ืœ." ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืœืฃ ืฉืฉืœื— ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืขื• ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ื’ื– ืงื˜ืœื ื™, ื”ืืœืฃ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืคืข ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื’ื– ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืœืฃ. ืœืžืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ืจืื™ื” ืฉื ืฉืœื— ื•ืžืกื•ื ื•ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง, ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืืœืฃ ืœื ืชื™ื ื–ืง, ืืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกื ื•ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื•ื.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืืœืฃ ื’ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืกืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื•. ืืœืฃ ืฉืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื•, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืข.

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื 3-6 ืกื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง.

ื”ืืœืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ื™ื—ืกืจ ืœื•, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื•ืคื•. ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื ื ืขืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•...

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืจื•ื‘ื” ืกืขืจ. ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื 2 ืžื—ืกื ื™ื•ืช ื•- 105D10+ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ื ื›ื ืกื™ื 30 ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืœืืงื“ื—, ื’ื ืœืจื•ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืืœืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.

ืงื•ื˜ืจ ื”ืงืœื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืงื ื” ื”ืจื•ื‘ื”:

ืงื•ื˜ืจืคื’ื™ืขื”
9 ืž"ืž6D4+6
7.624D6+4
5.56 ืž"ืž3D10+2

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 10 ืžืžื•ื ื” ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืจื“ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื: ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื, ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช.

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 3 ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืœ-8 ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืฆื ื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืคืงื“ ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืฃ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื•.

ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื—, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืกืคืจื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 2. ื”ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืง ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ื™ื ื™ื, ืื• ืขื ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืœืชื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ืœืคืœืก ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.

ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืฆื•ืคื”, ื›ืœื•ื—ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืกื™ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช.

3.3.5 ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžืคืงื“

ืืงื“ื— ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ + ืกื•ืœืœื” ืœ-50 ื™ืจื™ื•ืช.

ื ื–ืง: 5D8

ื˜ื•ื•ื—: 2 ืง"ืž.

ืคื ืก ื”ื‘ื–ืง ืžืื™ืจ ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจ. ื‘ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ืŸ.

ืงืกื“ืช ืจืื™ืช ืœื™ืœื”

ืจื•ืื” ืœื™ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ื + 2 ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช. ื—ื™ื™ ืกื•ืœืœื”: ืฉืขืช ื”ืคืขืœื”.

ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื”ืืœืคื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืงืกืžื™ืช ื•ื›ื•'.

๐Ÿ’ฃ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžื˜ื”ืจ

ืžื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื + 6-11 ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.

20% ื "ื˜.

50% ื›"ื.

15% ืชืื•ืจื”.

15% ืขืฉืŸ.

ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื

ื "ื˜ โ€”8D10 ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช.

ื›"ื โ€” 20X3D8 ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 10 ืžื˜ืจ.

ืชืื•ืจื” โ€” ืžืื™ืจ ืจื“ื™ื•ืก 500 ืžื˜ืจ ืœ-30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.

ืขืฉืŸ โ€” ืงื•ืœื— 1 ื“ืงื”, ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 200 ืžื˜ืจ/ืจื‘ื•ืข.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ:

2-4 ืžื˜ืขื ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื” 500 ื’ืจื ืขื ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื“ 3 ื“ืงื•ืช.

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื•ืจืจ 5 ืงื™ืœื• ืื‘ืŸ.

ื ื–ืง: D6 5 ืœื”ื“ืฃ ืœืœื ืจืกืก.

ืฉื—ืค"ืฅ

ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื’ื ื” 5 ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžืฉืงืœ: 10 ืงื™ืœื•.

๐Ÿ”ซ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืื™

3 ืžื—ืกื ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกืขืจ ืฉืœื•.

ืคื ืก ืงื˜ืŸ + 4 ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.

ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.

ื–ืžืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื”: 5 ืฉืขื•ืช.

ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืืจื”: 25 ืžื˜ืจ.

10 ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.

ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช: X4D8 ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 8 ืžื˜ืจ.

ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืคืœื“ื” 50+

ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืืœืคื™ื ืžืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขื ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื. ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื•ื ื”.

ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœื•.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืขืฆืžื•.

ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” 15 ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืกืคื™ื ืช ื—ืœืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืœืฃ ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจื’ื ื–ื•, ืืš ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืชื›ื ื• 2 ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื•ืคืขืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื’ืจื ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื˜ืจื ืก ื•ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช 4-6 ืฉืขื•ืช.

ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘.

ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื:

ื›ื— ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื ื•ืœืคื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช G.

ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื™ืžื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.

ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื.

ืžืื™ืœื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื.

ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจื.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ืืช ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจื, ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื›ืžื•ืช. ื”ืืœืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืจื›ืก ื”ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื”ืืœืฃ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื ืœื™ื–ื”. ื”ืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 10 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืจื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช.